It's actually still Windows 10, but the next iteration of it. When Windows 10 first came out, there was a statement from Microsoft that it would be the last version of Windows, but that they would keep making changes to it.
The way you had your computer set up before was that you had a local account. Microsoft wants everybody to have an account connected to them and the Microsoft Store, so that they can make pitches to you about products they offer. I tried to set up another local account when I was there, but it asked for a password that we didn't have.
When you stopped working with Microsoft, mentioned in your first message, what you were left with was actually a temporary account. That's why the default location of your document, download, and other folders is \Users\Temp. Normally with a Microsoft-connected account, it would be \Users\me. Your old local account was at \Users\cmmse or something like that. What I did was to make that location read-write from your current account. Normally, other accounts are read-only when accessed from your current account, to protect them. But in this case, that other account is actually your old account.